In the field of materials science, the focus of research on Copper(Ii) Sulfide has shifted from basic properties to functional applications. By constructing heterogeneous structures or complex systems, researchers successfully solved problems such as easy agglomeration of pure phase Copper(Ii) Sulfide and poor cyclic stability. For example, when it is combined with carbon materials, its cycle life as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries can be increased by more than three times. In the field of photoelectronic transformation, the preparation process of Copper(Ii) Sulfide film has been continuously optimized. At present, photoelectric transformation efficiency at the laboratory level has reached nearly 10%. These advances not only promote its application in traditional fields, but also give birth to its potential value in flexible electronics, intelligent sensing and other emerging fields.

In the field of photoelectric technology, Copper(Ii) Sulfide has become a research hotspot in new photovoltaic devices because of its excellent optical absorption capacity and carrier mobility. The surface plasmon resonance effect can localize the incident light on the surface of the material and significantly enhance the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. By constructing a Copper(Ii) Sulfide/ titanium dioxide heterojunction, the researchers successfully extended the visible light response range to more than 650nm. In the field of catalysis, Copper(Ii) Sulfide nanoparticles, as a non-precious metal catalyst, exhibit activities comparable to those of platinum-based catalysts in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and carbon dioxide reduction reactions. Its unique D-electron orbital structure is conducive to the adsorption and activation of the reaction intermediates, and the abundant sulfur vacancy provides a fast channel for electron transfer.

Research on application of Sulfide in Copper(Ii) in the field of energy storage mainly focuses on lithium/sodium ion batteries and supercapacitors. As a negative electrode material, the product can achieve a theoretical specific capacity of up to 560mAh/g through the conversion reaction mechanism, but its volume expansion problem is still the bottleneck of industrial application. In recent years, interface engineering strategies, such as building core-shell structures or introducing conductive polymer coatings, have made cyclic stability of Sulfide cathods in Copper(Ii) Sulfide break through 500 times.

In terms of environmental governance, photocatalytic degradation performance of Copper(Ii) Sulfide has received extensive attention. Under visible light irradiation, the photogenerated electrons can effectively reduce heavy metal ions such as hexavalent chromium, and the holes can oxidize organic pollutants. Compared with traditional titanium dioxide photocatalyst, it improves the utilization of sunlight by nearly 3 times. In addition, Copper(Ii) Sulfide based adsorption material presents a unique advantage in the treatment of arsenic-containing wastewater. The stable coordination structure formed between sulfur atoms and arsanate ions on its surface enables the adsorption capacity to reach more than 120mg/g. In the field of biomedicins, Copper(Ii) Sulfide nanoparticles can achieve near-infrared photothermal conversion efficiency of 80%. Coupled with their good biocompatibility, they have a broad application prospect in targeted therapies for tumors and controlled drug delivery systems.

In terms of material properties, Sulfide of Copper(Ii) is the most prominent advantage in its regulatable electronic structure and rich active sites. For example, in the electrocatalytic water decomposition reaction, the introduction of sulfur vacancy can reduce the overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction by more than 200mV. Compared with other transition metal sulfides, Copper(Ii) Sulfide has significant advantages in raw material cost. The abundance of copper in the Earth’s crust is 50 times that of cobalt and 10^5 times that of platinum, and this resource availability provides a guarantee for its large-scale application. At the same time, the mature hydrometallurgical technology makes its preparation cost only 1/3-1/2 of similar materials.

Stability is another core advantage in Copper(Ii) Sulfide. Its crystal structure can remain intact under extreme conditions such as high temperature and pressure, which makes it have application potential in special scenarios such as oil and gas exploitation and aerospace lubrication. Experimental data showed that the fluctuation range of friction coefficient of Copper(Ii) Sulfide composite material was less than 5% at 300℃, which was much better than traditional molybdenum disulfide lubricants. In terms of environmental friendliness, its synthesis process does not need to use highly toxic reagents, and it does not contain heavy metal pollutants itself, in the context of environmental protection policies, this green attribute is more precious. Especially in the field of water treatment, after being used, a Copper(Ii) Sulfide adsorbent can be recycled through pickling, effectively reducing the risk of secondary pollution.

From the perspective of technology integration, it has outstanding compatibility with the existing industrial system. In the photovoltaic industry, a film of Copper(Ii) Sulfide can be seamlessly integrated into a production line of silicon-based batteries by magnetron sputtering. In the field of chemical engineering, the matching degree between the catalyst forming process and the fixed bed reactor is more than 90%. This compatibility greatly reduces the technical threshold of industrialization and the cost of equipment transformation. The same material system can simultaneously realize light absorption, charge transfer and interface reaction regulation through structural design, which is of great value in the development of multifunctional devices. For example, in a self-powered sensing system, Copper(Ii) Sulfide can both produce electric energy as a light-absorbing layer and act as a sensitive layer in response to environmental changes.

Sulfide ink printing technology is also becoming increasingly mature. In terms of device processing, printing technology of Copper(Ii) Sulfide ink can achieve precise preparation of micron-level patterns on a flexible substrate. This processing adaptability gives it a first-mover advantage in emerging fields such as printed electronics and smart packaging. With the popularization of precision coating technologies such as atomic layer deposition (ALD), thickness control precision of a Copper(Ii) Sulfide functional film has reached the atomic level, providing a technical guarantee for the development of high-performance devices.