Azobisisobutyronitrile CAS 78-67-1
Free Sample Azobisisobutyronitrile CAS 78-67-1
- Appearance:Powder
- Purity:99.8%
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Name: Azobisisobutyronitrile
CAS: 78-67-1
MOQ: 1KG
Directory Guidance on Azobisisobutyronitrile
Chemical Structure
Basic Info:
| Melting point | 102-104 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
| Boiling point | 281.68°C (rough estimate) |
| density | 1.11 |
| vapor pressure | 0.81Pa at 24.85℃ |
| refractive index | n20/D1.495 |
Product Introduction:
CAS number 78-67-1 Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), chemical name 2,2′ -azo bis (2-methylpropanitrile), is a white crystalline or powdered solid with the molecular form C₈H₁₂N₄. Cas number 78-67-1. As one of the most famous azo radical initiators, Azobisisobutyronitrile is stable in properties at room temperature, but will decompose quickly to form isobutyronitrile radical above 60℃, thus triggering a chain reaction. Its decomposition process releases nitrogen and organic cyanides, such as tetramethylbutanedionitrile (TMSN), which are significantly toxic to humans, and therefore need to be stored and used at strictly controlled temperatures (below 10 ° C is recommended) and away from fire sources. Azobisisobutyronitrile has a density of 1.1g /cm³ and a melting point of 102~104℃. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, toluene, ether and other organic solvents and vinyl monomers, which makes it particularly prominent in oil-soluble systems.
From the perspective of preparation technology, Azobisisobutyronitrile is mainly prepared by acetone nitrogen method. First, acetone reacts with hydrazine hydrate to form acetone azide, then reacts with hydrocyanic acid or sodium cyanide to form diisobutyronitrile hydrazine, and finally oxidizes with hypochlorous acid or hydrogen peroxide to obtain the product, and is purified by ether recrystallization. Although the production process is mature, the cyanide and hydrazine compounds involved in the raw materials are highly toxic, so the production process needs to strictly follow safety regulations.
In terms of safety, acute toxicity data of Azobisisobutyronitrile indicate a low median lethal dose (LD50) in mammals, such as 100 mg/kg oral LD50 in rats and higher toxicity by intraperitoneal injection (LD50 25 mg/kg). Long-term exposure or inhalation of its decomposition products may lead to chronic toxic effects such as central nervous system suppression, liver and kidney damage. The International Chemical Safety Card classives them as flammable solids in Class 4.1, the United Nations Dangerous Goods number 3234, and they must be transported and stored in airtight containers that are protected from light and moisture.
Despite the toxicity risks associated with Azobisisobutyronitrile, its stability under controlled conditions makes it an indispensable chemical agent in laboratories and industry. For example, the decomposition kinetic parameters (e.g., the temperature corresponding to the half-life of 10 hours is 65℃, and the activation energy is 125.5 kJ/mol) provide an important basis for the reaction design. In addition, the maximum absorption peak of Azobisisobutyronitrile is located in 345 nm (ethanol), which makes it potentially useful in photoinitiated reactions.
Nature and Specifications:
| Item | Specification |
| Product Name | Azobisisobutyronitrile |
| CAS No. | 78-67-1 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Shelf Life | 2 years |
| Packing | As your requirements |
| Fp | 4℃ |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly) |
| form | Solid |
| color | Crystals from EtOH |
| Odor | odorless |
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- Certificate Of Analysis (COA)
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- Route of synthesis (ROS)
- Method of Aanlysis (MOA)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
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In the field of polymer chemistry, Azobisisobutyronitrile plays an irreplaceable role as a radical polymerization initiator. The two isobutanitrile radicals generated by its decomposition can effectively initiate the polymerization of vinyl monomers (such as vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile), and the reaction process is first-order kinetic, without side reaction interference, especially suitable for kinetic research and precision polymer synthesis. For example, in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Azobisisobutyronitrile can precisely control the molecular weight distribution to improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material; In the preparation of polyurethane foam, the nitrogen released by its decomposition can also realize the foaming function simultaneously, thus simplifying the production process.
The field of organic synthesis has a deeper dependence on Azobisisobutyronitrile. In the Barton deoxygenation reaction, Azobisisobutyronitrile works synergistically with tributyltin hydrogen (Bu3SnH) to achieve selective deoxygenation of alcohol compounds through a free radical chain mechanism; In the Giese radical addition reaction, Azobisisobutyronitrile can drive the formation of carbon carbon bonds between halogenated hydrocarbons and olefins, providing an efficient pathway for the construction of complex molecules. In addition, its catalytic role in the Keck allylation reaction further highlights the potential of Azobisisobutyronitrile in asymmetric synthesis.
The coating and adhesive industries benefit from the weather resistance and aging resistance of Azobis isobutyronitrile. Adding Azobisisobutyronitrile acrylic coating can maintain color stability under UV irradiation and extend outdoor service life; In the curing system of epoxy resin, the free radical reaction induced by it can accelerate the crosslinking process, improve the adhesion and chemical corrosion resistance of the coating. It is worth noting that the application of Azobisisobutyronitrile in food packaging materials needs to be cautious. Although its antibacterial properties can inhibit microbial growth, residual cyanide may migrate to food, so related fields tend to use low toxicity alternatives.
The demand for Azobisisobutyronitrile in emerging technology fields is also continuously growing. For example, in 3D printing photopolymerization resins, Azobisisobutyronitrile can be used as a photothermal dual initiator to achieve precise layer by layer curing by adjusting the light intensity; The foaming characteristics of lithium battery separator coatings can be used to prepare porous structures and enhance ion transport efficiency. However, with the tightening of environmental regulations, the development of low toxicity and high activity alternative initiators has become a key direction of industry research.
The core competitiveness of Azobisisobutyronitrile lies in its unique thermal decomposition characteristics. Its decomposition temperature range (65-85 ℃) precisely covers the process window of most polymerization reactions, which can avoid insufficient efficiency at low temperatures and prevent side reactions caused by high temperatures. In addition, its first-order decomposition kinetics make the reaction rate dependent only on its own concentration, independent of monomer type and solvent polarity. This characteristic provides extremely high controllability for the reaction design of complex systems. Compared to peroxide initiators, Azobisisobutyronitrile hardly undergoes induced decomposition and chain transfer reactions, ensuring a narrow molecular weight distribution of the polymer and uniform product properties.
In terms of safety, the solid form of Azobisisobutyronitrile reduces transportation and storage risks.Meanwhile, the photosensitivity of Azobisisobutyronitrile (maximum absorption peak at 345 nm) provides an additional regulatory dimension for the photo initiated system, such as room temperature initiation under UV irradiation, which is crucial for the polymerization of thermosensitive monomers.
From the economic point of view, the production cost of Azobisisobutyronitrile has significant advantages. Its raw materials (acetone, sodium cyanide) are cheap and stable, and the mature continuous production process further reduces energy consumption and waste disposal costs. Compared with some metal catalysts, Azobisisobutyronitrile does not leave metal ions in the product, so no subsequent purification steps are required. It is especially suitable for the production of medical polymer materials.
In terms of market adaptability, the compatibility of Azobisisobutyronitrile with various monomers and solvents enables it to penetrate into numerous segmented fields. For example, it can maintain high initiation efficiency in both polar solvents (such as DMF) and non-polar systems (such as toluene), and its broad-spectrum applicability far exceeds that of most azo competitors. In addition, the synergistic effect of its foaming function and triggering function provides innovative space for the development of multifunctional materials, such as composite materials that combine lightweight and high strength.
In the future, with the deepening of the concept of green chemistry, the research on the modification of Azobisisobutyronitrile will continue to advance. For example, by modifying the molecular structure (such as introducing degradable groups) to reduce toxicity, or developing nanocarrier encapsulation technology to achieve slow-release decomposition, these innovations will further enhance the irreplaceability of Azobisisobutyronitrile in the high-end manufacturing field.
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